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HarassMap - Reporting & Mapping Sexual Harassment on the Streets via SMS

What:

This project will implement a system in Egypt for reporting incidences of sexual harassment via SMS messaging. This tool will give women a way to anonymously report incidences of sexual harassment as soon as they happen, using a simple text message from their mobile phone. By mapping these reports online, the entire system will act as an advocacy, prevention, and response tool, highlighting the severity and pervasiveness of the problem. The project will utilize FrontlineSMS and the Ushahidi Engine.

Why:

Sexual harassment in Egypt is a pervasive and persistent problem that has recently gained international and domestic acknowledgement for its damaging effects on the lives of women in Egypt. Restricting women's access to the public sphere, forcing many to choose between their need for income and "putting up with" working or commuting in an environment in which they face sexual pressure or threats, and discouraging their participation in elections (women voters are often singled out for sexual harassment by candidates' supporters or security forces), and causing many women to prefer to stay at home or leave the country, sexual harassment is a daily struggle for many women in Egypt. A 2008 survey of 1,010 Egyptian and foreign women, the first on this topic in Egypt, and found that 83% of Egyptian women and 98% of foreign women reported being sexually harassed, regardless of age, class, style of dress or appearance[1].

The work of groups in Cairo such as the Egyptian Center for Women's Rights, A7teram Nefsak (Respect Yourself), and hundreds of other activists and volunteers have driven the change seen over the last 2 years in this field, but it remains a basic obstacle that many men and women still hold a "blame the victim" attitude, despite the evidence that women's individual characteristics or dress has been found irrelevant to them experiencing harassment. The origins of this attitude lie in women's unequal status in society overall and objectification as sources of temptation and sin, obedient wife, or other roles that do not acknowledge her status as a whole human being possessing rights. This attitude is reflected as well in society's acceptance of violence against women, women's low attainment of decision-making positions and elected offices, and other forms of discrimination.

Goals:

This project is aimed at supporting the work that has been done so far in changing the attitude of acceptance of women's lack of equal personal and human rights. Less than 2% of women go to the police for help after being harassed, mostly due to feelings that no result will come of it or that they risk additional harassment or ridicule by police[1]. However, police attitudes have changed significantly over the past year and they have proved responsive to reports on many occasions. By providing women with an easy-to-use system by which they can report incidents of harassment, HarassMap will:

  1. empower women by demonstrating a direct result from speaking up when their rights are violated and countering the common attitude that standing up for your rights is pointless;
  2. provide security police with data on "hotspots" for sexual harassment so that they can increase their presence in these areas, thereby reducing the incidence of public sexual harassment and better protect citizens;
  3. add to the body of data on sexual harassment in Egypt, informing the growing number of NGOs, activists and government bodies concerned with this issue;
  4. support advocacy efforts of NGOs, National Council on Women, MPs, and others working to maintain public, media and governmental attention to this issue and pass legislation in parliament, by providing a compelling graphical representation backed by real statistical data on the actual incidence of harassment in Egypt;
  5. serve as a model for the effective, practical and publically accessible use of GIS applications in other development and advocacy projects in Egypt.

References

[1] "Clouds in Egypt's Sky. Sexual Harassment: From Verbal Harassment to Rape" Egyptian Center for Women's Rights. (download)

Project Details
Project video: 
Project Assessment
Financial support: 
No
Sustainability Model: 
Additional funding will be pursued through a variety of channels, including grants and donations.
Expertise needed: 
Technical Expertise: Looking for experience with GIS in Cairo.
Marketing/Media Expertise: How to transform the project data into an effective awareness tool via the media
Policy/Program Expertise: How to transform the project data into an effective advocacy tool
Project goals: 
12/08 - HarassMap is nominated by NetSquared community as one of top 15 project for USAID competition. 10/08 The first court case of sexual harassment succeeds, resulting in the definition of harassment of a crime and subsequent arrests 7/08 First report on sexual harassment in Egypt is released.
Identified Obstacles: 
Primary obstacles to this project surround technical aspects of multi-language support and geocoding challenges. SMS support must be robust to Egyptian Arabic in Arabic script and Egyptian Arabic in semi-standardized Latin script, and potentially other languages. Mapping addresses in Egypt will be difficult without a robust geocoder for Egypt. As such, a less precise approach to mapping reports may be necessary (such as neighborhood-level reports, or reporting based on landmarks).
Project Locations
Project Location: 
Impact locations: 

Map project

As the first project to tackle sexual harassment in Egypt, I find your project and efforts admirable however I do have my reservation on the practicality of the map project. Basically, I do not believe there is such thing as problematic areas; instead there are problematic behavior by people. And so you can not map moving objects (people) if you have no idea what their parameters are.  Hence, problematic people roam the streets of Cairo freely and a map will never succeed in identifying them and even if it does it will never track their activities and their identities so your efforts will be wasted in recognizing the problem. But I thought you already have recognized it otherwise you wouldn't have this NGO.

Instead I suggest you focus your efforts in solving the real cause of the problem. The reality in Egypt is that there is no respect for the female figure. In the Egyptian society these days the female figure is subordinate to the male so it's natural that men feel free to harass and bully women everywhere. And to say the truth harassment is not restricted to the street only but it's also in public offices, in schools and in all levels of interactions etc. The only reason why it's so problematic in the street is because there is a sense of chaos so individuals think they can get away with anything. To prove my point, I suggest you go down alone in the street, then go again with a man and walk the same stretch of distance you covered alone and you will notice two things. First, how the eyes and the words have been silenced and that harassment has been reduced by 80-90%. This is just to prove that the problem is about disrespect of the female figure. I hope my point is clear.

As for solutions, I suggest to focus your efforts and money in going in the field. Talking with community members, head of mosques and religious centers, clubs and social groups who are influential in shaping the opinions of the every day man in the street is the step forward. They have to change the opinion of the people not of the harasser (they will keep on doing it until even one else in the street is against them!). Once the people recognize that harassing is a wrong-sick behavior (with disregard of what the woman is wearing) and that if they stand up to the woman's side, then it will yield respect in the Egyptian street again cause then anyone complaining of harassment will find everyone in their side and not In the side of the assaulter.  In parallel you need to work on the women, they need to voice their dissatisfaction. They have to realize that the only way sexual harassment is going to stop is by saying NO! and Enough! Shame will bread more harassment and frustration. I find the kareema mokhtaar campaign to tackle population growth and use of birth control was very effective because it did tackle the real problem which is ignorance and misconceptions. This is the same problem.

This project is a tool, not a solution

Marwa,

Thank you for your insightful comments.

It is important first to recognize that this project does not propose to solve the problem of harassment in Egypt because, as you say, the real problem is deeper than the harassment.

Instead, this project is about developing a new way for women to speak out... you said, "In parallel you need to work on the women, they need to voice their dissatisfaction. They have to realize that the only way sexual harassment is going to stop is by saying NO! and Enough!" This is precisely what this project is trying to do: give women another way of saying "NO!" and "Enough!" while documenting and publicizing incidents.

At the same time, there are a number of organizations working diligently to address other aspects of the problem, working with community leaders, etc. This problem is not going to go be solved by only one organization or by a single project or by developing a tool.

This project is simply one part of a concerted effort to stop the problem.

your project

Hi I like your Idea its sort of like mine ,but different.Cyber safety and prevention is needed and simple .The cost is controled . If you can check my idea out if you can...let me know what you think.Cyber Chaperone aka Safety net,My Online 411.                                       Thanks   Cynthia Dimaria

Interesting Project

This sounds like compelling use of technology if the reporting out is clear and consistent.

questions and comments

Harassment of women is, indeed, a very real problem in Egypt (and elsewhere) - I know this firsthand and from colleagues. However, I'm confused about how this project will work. To whom are the reports of sexual harassment given? The police? Subscribers? ECWR? Also, how will the reports be used on a practical level -- just for women to avoid certain areas? Or will the maps be taken to community leaders/community representatives of areas where harassment is frequently reported, to enlist their support to stop such?

I would like to see this project partner with other programs so that, rather than just reporting harassment, women know what to do when they are harassed, and men are educated about not being perpetrators and telling their fellow men that such harassment is NOT acceptable.

good questions

Jayne,

Thanks for your good questions.

First, reports will be published to a public map of Egypt, allowing individuals to see problem areas. Secondly, the map and reports will be monitored by ECWR, who will take necessary steps to notify the police in case of "flare-ups," etc. ECWR currently does this (though not in any formal capacity) based on phone calls they receive and they have been increasingly successful in eliciting police response to reports they've received. Thirdly, we hope to get some good data for "chronic" problem areas, which can then be used to put pressure on community leaders, police, etc, to address the problem locally.

Some of the things we've discussed include an SMS reply to a submitted report, outlining the procedure for filing a police report and/or emergency contact information.

As for men's involvement, you are precisely right that this is the key place where the problem needs to be addressed. There is nothing about this system which

Use Your Shibshib!

I'm a dual American-Egyptian female citizen. I live in Cairo. I believe the harrassment stats are completely overblown. I rarely get harrassed and I never have witnessed any harassment of Egyptian women on the streets here. Foreign women do get it in the tourist areas but this is nowhere as widespread as these stats suggest. I can see now the stats may have been made up so that this organization could fleece the US government for money to do projects like this.

 If there is a problem that we need to deal with, it is not the alleged 83 or 98 percent getting harrassed, it's the 98 percent of women who are doormats and do nothing about it. If some man touches you, hit him. If a man makes an obscene remark, shame him, then and there. Anonymous reports by SMS will change nothing and actually could lead to false slanderous reports. If even 5-10 percent of women were to give the men hell publicly at the time and place they do the harrassment, we would see an end to this problem as the men would know there are social risks to their behavior.

It is also technically, socially and economically not feasible. You are looking for certain cell phone models as it won't work with all models. So now women need to have to be able to afford the latest phones to protect themselves? They have to be literate to be able to compose an SMS message? This is a project for the benefit of the rich and educated only. We all have shoes no matter our background and that is what we need to use to defend ourselves. And how can you map where the harassment is happening when GPS on phones is ILLEGAL in Egypt???

 And US taxpayer dollars should not be used to solve Egypt's problems. They should be spent on projects in the US only. This project is just to take US government money and put large amounts in specific Americans' pockets as all USAID projects are designed to do.

If money needs to be spent on anything, it's to encourage every woman to carry a shibshib in her handbag.

your concerns

Regarding your concerns about the legitimacy of the statistics highlighting the problem, I will defer to the integrity of the original report itself. To argue that resources were used to research and compile a report looking at actual issues of harassment (rather than relying on the experiences of a handful of individuals who say either "I have not been sexually harassed, therefore sexual harassment does not exist" or "I have been sexually harassed, therefore it is a problem for all women in Egypt") was all done in order to apply for a $10,000 (i.e. small) grant is preposterous.

And this project is not about US taxpayers "solving Egypt's problems" (problems which you just claimed do not exist), it is about developing tools for Egyptian women to address Egypt's problems.

More relevant to this forum, I would like to address your concerns about the technical, social, and economic feasibility of the proposed system:

You are looking for certain cell phone models as it won't work with all models. So now women need to have to be able to afford the latest phones to protect themselves?

We are looking for certain cell phone models for *our* use, as only certain cell phones can be used to *receive* SMS messages and collect reports. The only technical requirement for the person sending the report is that the phone can send SMS messages.

They have to be literate to be able to compose an SMS message?

Yes, or know someone who is literate who can submit a report on their behalf. This is a deficiency which is not unique to this proposal. Luckily, there are projects like this one, which are addressing issues of literacy and technology for Egyptian women.

And how can you map where the harassment is happening when GPS on phones is ILLEGAL in Egypt???

GPS is not used. An individual's location will need to be submitted in the SMS report--a technical hurdle in its own right, but irrelevant to your concerns about the economics and legality.

great

great

HarassMap

Unfortunatley, I didn't find out about this project in time to vote, but I wanted to express my support for the initiative.   Having lived in Egypt and worked and befriended a number of Egyptian and expat women, I know that sexual harassment on the streets in Egypt is a common experience we all shared.     Unfortunately, the social norms prevent women from speaking out and the lack of an institutional framework to deal with harassment keeps women from reporting it formally.     Without statistics it is easy to deny just how prevalent harassment is.     HarassMap would not only allow women to report their experience, but also stand in solidarity realizing they are not alone.     Furthermore, it will provide a concrete tool for action that will resonate with policymakers and politicians that thus far have refused to recognize the true extent of what is happenining.  

Thanks for the supportive words

Thanks for the supportive comments, Natalie! It is really encouraging to get such great feedback on the project.

Its a great effort, but we

Its a great effort, but we should also work on men and change their minds as well. Things are getting worst with the time. Its time to teach some lesson to crulprits.

Lorenz High School

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